Within group and between group variation expected in human behavioral characters

Within group and between group variation expected in human behavioral characters.

Within-Group Cooperation and Between-Group Competition in Contests∗

Olson’s analysis argues that the free-rider problem makes large groups less effective. In this paper, we challenge this view of group action with a very simple contest game that exhibits a bilateral interplay between intergroup interaction and within-group organization. In a static setting, because of the free-riding incentives, the larger group is disadvantaged in the competition with its riva...

Moderate Neonatal Stress Decreases Within-Group Variation in Behavioral, Immune and HPA Responses in Adult Mice

BACKGROUND The significance of behavioral neuroscience and the validity of its animal models of human pathology largely depend on the possibility to replicate a given finding across different laboratories. Under the present test and housing conditions, this axiom fails to resist the challenge of experimental validation. When several mouse strains are tested on highly standardized behavioral tes...

Between-group competition elicits within-group cooperation in children

Aggressive interactions between groups are frequent in human societies and can bear significant fitness costs and benefits (e.g. death or access to resources). During between-group competitive interactions, more cohesive groups (i.e. groups formed by individuals who cooperate in group defence) should out-perform less cohesive groups, other factors being equal (e.g. group size). The cost/benefit...

Hecke Characters and Formal Group Characters

Let E be an elliptic curve over Q with complex multiplication by the ring of integers of an imaginary quadratic eld. Let be the Hecke character associated to E by the theory of complex multiplication. Let be the complex conjugate character of. For a pair of integers k and j, deene the Hecke character ' = '(k; j) = k j. Let p be a prime where E has good, ordinary reduction. Let p be a xed prime ...